By Christi Throw­er
UConn Jour­nal­ism

While exec­u­tive orders are intend­ed as stop­gap mea­sures to bypass Con­gress for impor­tant acts, some experts say Pres­i­dent Don­ald Trump is using unsub­stan­ti­at­ed claims of cri­sis to jus­ti­fy an unprece­dent­ed use of the orders to expand his pow­er. 

In the first year of his sec­ond term, Trump issued 218 exec­u­tive orders, includ­ing 26 on his first day in office. Though issued out­side of a time of war, many of the orders claim to address nation­al emer­gen­cies for rea­sons includ­ing “for­eign trade and eco­nom­ic prac­tices” and “restor­ing safe­ty… to ensure the safe func­tion­ing of fed­er­al gov­ern­ment.”  

The orders reflect attempts by the admin­is­tra­tion to tar­get pro­grams, poli­cies, and peo­ple it ide­o­log­i­cal­ly oppos­es. Of the orders issued as of Dec. 1, 2025, 21 push anti-DEI pol­i­cy changes, 18 focus on immi­gra­tion and 12 tar­get trans­gen­der peo­ple and sup­port. Four ordered fed­er­al action against spe­cif­ic law firms and lawyers whom Trump dis­fa­vors. Oth­ers tar­get pro­grams for cli­mate change, lift cor­po­rate restric­tions on ener­gy and dis­crim­i­na­tion, and des­ig­nate polit­i­cal ene­mies as ter­ror­ists. Mean­while, five are intend­ed to pro­mote a favored indus­try: arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence. More than 30 of the orders invoke the president’s emer­gency pow­ers, with six declar­ing new nation­al emer­gen­cies and three expand­ing the scope of exist­ing ones.  

While many of Trump’s exec­u­tive orders have been unen­force­able or con­test­ed in courts, some have impact­ed peo­ple nation­wide, such as the deploy­ment of the Nation­al Guard in U.S. cities and steep cuts to fed­er­al grants for research and com­mu­ni­ty pro­grams. Some oppo­nents say the fre­quent use of exec­u­tive orders in Trump’s sec­ond term is chal­leng­ing the rule of law. 

Dan Bar­rett, legal direc­tor for the Amer­i­can Civ­il Lib­er­ties Union  of Con­necti­cut, said by the time an uncon­sti­tu­tion­al order could be struck down by courts, its impacts may already have been broad­ly felt. The ACLU has filed dozens of law­suits chal­leng­ing Trump’s exec­u­tive orders. 

“With fed­er­al exec­u­tive orders, often it looks like the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment is act­ing ahead of the law,” Bar­rett said. “They’ll throw some­thing out there, and then a judge has to go and say, ‘Hey, we can’t do that’ — pos­si­bly after effects have already tak­en place.”  

What are executive orders? 

Exec­u­tive orders are direc­tives by the pres­i­dent that man­age the oper­a­tions of the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment and are pub­lished in the Fed­er­al Reg­is­ter. The orders aren’t leg­is­la­tion approved by Con­gress but still can have the force of law. While only anoth­er sit­ting pres­i­dent can over­turn them, Con­gress can pass leg­is­la­tion that effec­tive­ly bars them from work­ing (though it would need a two-thirds major­i­ty to with­stand a pres­i­den­tial veto). 

Exec­u­tive orders were pri­mar­i­ly intend­ed as tem­po­rary, prac­ti­cal mea­sures on impor­tant issues to address some­thing Con­gress is unable to act on imme­di­ate­ly. How­ev­er, they aren’t always used that way. Many pres­i­dents, includ­ing Trump’s imme­di­ate pre­de­ces­sors Pres­i­dent Barack Oba­ma and Pres­i­dent Joseph Biden, have been accused of abus­ing pow­er through exec­u­tive orders.

Trump’s Second Term 

When com­pared to his first term and oth­er recent pres­i­dents, Trump has been much more heavy-hand­ed with his use of exec­u­tive orders in his sec­ond term. He issued 220 exec­u­tive orders in total dur­ing the four years of his first term. Biden issued 162 exec­u­tive orders in his one term, and Oba­ma issued a total of 276 over his eight years in office, with only 147 in his first term.  

Accord­ing to Uni­ver­si­ty of Michi­gan-Dear­born polit­i­cal sci­ence Pro­fes­sor Mitchel Sol­len­berg­er, exec­u­tive orders, in effect, are the Trump administration’s attempt at expand­ing pow­er. 

“There’s inten­tion­al­i­ty in Trump 2.0 that you did­n’t see with Trump 1.0. So there’s much more focus on uni­lat­er­al exec­u­tive action in Trump 2.0 than 1.0,” Sol­len­berg­er said.  

 He said in his first term, Trump showed a will­ing­ness to engage with Con­gress, but end­ed up fail­ing in many of his objec­tives. This is why he believes Trump is using exec­u­tive orders to achieve his pol­i­cy goals in this term and to try and “bypass” Con­gress and con­trol the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment, espe­cial­ly when it comes to his polit­i­cal ene­mies.  

“Trump believes the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment is full of a bunch of lib­er­als and Democ­rats or just ene­mies of, you know, him. And so he needs to weed out those bad apples, so to speak. So these exec­u­tive orders sort of free the hand when it comes to his abil­i­ty to remove cer­tain class­es of indi­vid­u­als,” Sol­len­berg­er said. 

Divisive Targets & Sweeping Effects 

Many of Trump’s exec­u­tive orders include inflam­ma­to­ry and divi­sive lan­guage, tar­get­ing what he refers to as “woke” poli­cies and polit­i­cal ene­mies such as “the rad­i­cal left.” He uses terms such as “ille­gal aliens” and “trans­sex­u­als” that oppo­nents con­sid­er dehu­man­iz­ing and refers to DEI as “racial dis­crim­i­na­tion.”  

For exam­ple, Trump signed an exec­u­tive order that he has pro­mot­ed as cut­ting fed­er­al grants that are “fur­ther­ing caus­es that dam­age Amer­i­ca” such as “drag shows in Ecuador,” “train­ing doc­tor­al can­di­dates in crit­i­cal race the­o­ry” and “devel­op­ing trans­gen­der-sex­u­al-edu­ca­tion pro­grams.” This is one of many orders that cite spe­cif­ic “woke” tar­gets but cut research and pro­grams much more broad­ly.  

Mic­ah Heumann, direc­tor of the Uni­ver­si­ty of Connecticut’s Office of Under­grad­u­ate Research, whose doc­tor­al research exam­ined racism in high­er edu­ca­tion, said that he has seen research relat­ed to diver­si­ty, equi­ty and inclu­sion delet­ed overnight since Trump took office. He believes this will have long-last­ing effects across many insti­tu­tions.  

“You’re hand­cuff­ing peo­ple, basi­cal­ly, not lit­er­al­ly… with the research they can do, by pulling grants away, pulling fund­ing away,” said Heumann. “We’re going to feel this for gen­er­a­tions, at least decades.”  

Trump’s Messages  

Some of Trump’s orders have addressed areas blocked by law. For exam­ple, while the Supreme Court has ruled that flag burn­ing is pro­tect­ed expres­sion under the First Amend­ment (Texas v. John­son, 1988), Trump issued an order vow­ing to “pros­e­cute those who incite vio­lence or oth­er­wise vio­late our laws while des­e­crat­ing this sym­bol of our coun­try, to the fullest extent per­mis­si­ble under any avail­able author­i­ty.” In this case, while the abil­i­ty to pros­e­cute some­one for flag-burn­ing is lim­it­ed by the Supreme Court prece­dent, the exec­u­tive order directs law enforce­ment to pun­ish flag-burn­ers as much as pos­si­ble for oth­er crim­i­nal offens­es.  

Some states have also had their laws come into direct con­flict with some of the Trump administration’s exec­u­tive orders, such as gen­der affirm­ing care, which is pro­tect­ed under New York law. Accord­ing to the New York Times, New York State Attor­ney Gen­er­al Leti­tia James warned hos­pi­tals that they risked vio­lat­ing state anti-dis­crim­i­na­tion laws by deny­ing gen­der-affirm­ing care, which the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment pres­sured hos­pi­tals to do. 

In oth­er cas­es, Trump has used exec­u­tive orders to blast polit­i­cal oppo­nents. An order renam­ing the Anahuac Nation­al Wildlife Refuge after a woman mur­dered by two undoc­u­ment­ed immi­grants blamed the Biden administration’s poli­cies for caus­ing the Mex­i­can bor­der to be “over­run by car­tels, crim­i­nal gangs, known ter­ror­ists, human traf­fick­ers, smug­glers, unvet­ted mil­i­tary-age males from for­eign adver­saries, and illic­it nar­cotics.” 

Bar­rett said some exec­u­tive orders are more about the mes­sage than real­ly chang­ing the law.  

“Some of the exec­u­tive orders are less com­plet­ed acts and more just announce­ments or dog whis­tles,” Bar­rett said. “There’s quite a num­ber that have not done any­thing but have announced that some­thing is going to hap­pen, which makes me think that if there is a phi­los­o­phy behind what he’s doing… [It’s] to make a lot of noise and make a lot of promis­es, to either show his base that he’s ‘doing some­thing’ or for some oth­er pur­pose.” 

Factual Bases 

Trump has also cit­ed unsub­stan­ti­at­ed the­o­ries when tar­get­ing fed­er­al fund­ing, such as when he said that “an unsafe lab in Wuhan, Chi­na — the most like­ly source of the COVID-19 pan­dem­ic — engaged in gain-of-func­tion research fund­ed by the Nation­al Insti­tutes of Health.” Accord­ing to an arti­cle by infec­tious dis­ease experts in The Con­ver­sa­tion, the COVID-19 out­break was most like­ly caused by virus­es jump­ing from ani­mals to humans.

While some exec­u­tive orders have not been able to be enforced, oth­ers have had broad impacts across the coun­try. For exam­ple, since Trump’s exec­u­tive order on gen­der-affirm­ing care, over 27 states have banned med­ical care for trans­gen­der youth, with many of the states cit­ing the fed­er­al order as enabling them to do so. Some hos­pi­tals in oth­er states, includ­ing Con­necti­cut, have also stopped offer­ing the care since the order. Oppo­nents con­tend this deci­sion is not based in sci­ence and will take away trans minors’ bod­i­ly auton­o­my and bar them from life­sav­ing care. Trans youth face high­er rates of sui­cide because of gen­der dys­pho­ria, accord­ing to the Nation­al Insti­tute of Health . 

“By pre­vent­ing doc­tors from pro­vid­ing this care or threat­en­ing to take chil­dren away from par­ents who sup­port their child in their tran­si­tion, these bills pre­vent trans­gen­der… youth from access­ing med­ical­ly nec­es­sary, safe health care backed by decades of research and sup­port­ed by every major med­ical asso­ci­a­tion rep­re­sent­ing over 1.3 mil­lion US doc­tors,” said the Human Rights Cam­paign, a nation­al LGBTQ+ rights orga­ni­za­tion that is suing the Trump admin­is­tra­tion. 

Heumann, whose child is trans­gen­der, said that gen­der-affirm­ing care saved his son’s life and was safe and effec­tive. It was not an easy deci­sion to make, and it took an “army of doc­tors,” he said. 

“We take our kid’s health very seri­ous­ly,” Heumann said. “Now he’s 20 years old, and he’s thriv­ing.” 

Court Challenges 

Many law­suits have been filed against Trump’s orders. Most are still pend­ing. As of Dec. 1, over 500 fed­er­al law­suits have been filed chal­leng­ing Trump’s exec­u­tive actions. Over 142 had been blocked or tem­porar­i­ly blocked, and over 231 were await­ing court rul­ings accord­ing to a lit­i­ga­tion track­er by Just Secu­ri­ty, a dig­i­tal law and pol­i­cy jour­nal based at the Reiss Cen­ter on Law and Secu­ri­ty at the New York Uni­ver­si­ty School of Law. Only 31 cas­es had been closed.  

Con­necti­cut Attor­ney Gen­er­al William Tong, who has sued the Trump admin­is­tra­tion over the legal­i­ty of sev­er­al exec­u­tive orders, believes the fed­er­al gov­ern­ment is inter­fer­ing with state gov­ern­ments to an “unprece­dent­ed” degree through exec­u­tive orders, emer­gency pow­ers and tac­tics of fear, which are “offens­es to states, to the con­sti­tu­tion, to our rule of law.” He has said that the sheer quan­ti­ty of attacks is an attempt to over­whelm the legal sys­tems and bul­ly mar­gin­al­ized peo­ple into sub­mis­sion. Tong has joined oth­er states in fil­ing dozens of law­suits against the Trump admin­is­tra­tion. 

Many exec­u­tive orders have been blocked by fed­er­al courts on the grounds of being uncon­sti­tu­tion­al, such as the 2025 fed­er­al court case League of Women Vot­ers Edu­ca­tion Fund v. Trump. This exec­u­tive order required show­ing a pass­port or sim­i­lar doc­u­ment prov­ing cit­i­zen­ship when reg­is­ter­ing to vote, accord­ing to New York Uni­ver­si­ty’s Bren­nan Cen­ter for Jus­tice. 

“The court’s rul­ing con­firms what we have long argued: the pres­i­dent may not rewrite elec­tion law to impose a bur­den­some show-your-papers rule that would shut out count­less Amer­i­cans from the bal­lot box,” plain­tiffs and the coun­sel for of a coali­tion of vot­ing and civ­il rights orga­ni­za­tions said in a joint state­ment. “This exec­u­tive order was an attempt­ed over­reach of pow­er, bypass­ing the Constitution’s clear allo­ca­tion of author­i­ty to Con­gress and the states to set elec­tion rules. Our democ­ra­cy is strongest when every eli­gi­ble vot­er can reg­is­ter and vote free from expen­sive and unnec­es­sary require­ments.” 

Fed­er­al judges have issued approx­i­mate­ly 40 nation­wide injunc­tions block­ing Trump’s exec­u­tive orders. How­ev­er, the Supreme Court, which has a con­ser­v­a­tive major­i­ty, has ruled that fed­er­al judges lack the author­i­ty to grant nation­wide injunc­tions and allowed some orders, such as Trump’s exec­u­tive order chang­ing birthright cit­i­zen­ship, to go into effect as legal chal­lenges pro­ceed.

Trump and his sup­port­ers cite the Supreme Court’s favor­able rul­ings as evi­dence of his orders’ legal­i­ty. U.S. Attor­ney Gen­er­al Pam Bon­di boast­ed on social media about the Supreme Court sid­ing with Trump on nation­wide injunc­tions.  

“Today, the Supreme Court instruct­ed dis­trict courts to STOP the end­less bar­rage of nation­wide injunc­tions against Pres­i­dent Trump,” she said, accord­ing to Fox News. “This Depart­ment of Jus­tice will con­tin­ue to zeal­ous­ly defend @POTUS’s poli­cies and his author­i­ty to imple­ment them.” 

What gives these orders power? 

Trump’s direc­tives, includ­ing his exec­u­tive orders, are empow­ered not just by his sta­tus as pres­i­dent but also by his major­i­ty sup­port from Repub­li­can politi­cians in Con­gress. As the Asso­ci­at­ed Press not­ed in a July 2025 sto­ry: “Since Trump’s return to the White House in Jan­u­ary, and par­tic­u­lar­ly in the past few weeks, Repub­li­cans in con­trol of the House and Sen­ate have shown an unusu­al will­ing­ness to give the pres­i­dent of their par­ty what he wants, regard­less of the poten­tial risk to them­selves, their con­stituents and Con­gress itself.” 

Some in the par­ty have com­plained. U.S. Sen. Lisa Murkows­ki, a Repub­li­can from Alas­ka, crit­i­cized the uni­lat­er­al nature of her par­ty under Trump when she refused to sup­port the White House­’s demand to cut fund­ing for for­eign aid and pub­lic broad­cast­ing.

 “We’re law­mak­ers. We should be leg­is­lat­ing,” she said on the Sen­ate floor. “What we’re get­ting now is a direc­tion from the White House and being told, ‘This is the pri­or­i­ty. We want you to exe­cute on it. We’ll be back with you with anoth­er round.’ I don’t accept that.” 

 Bar­rett said he believes Trump bypass­ing Con­gress with exec­u­tive orders shows his dis­re­gard for the sep­a­ra­tion of pow­ers and the rule of law. 

“It’s tough to describe how lit­tle Trump seems to care about the law,” Bar­rett said.  “I would say he just does­n’t. He views it as an exter­nal­i­ty, it’s just some­thing… That affects oth­er peo­ple, because the way in which he’s attempt­ing to change the law itself vio­lates the law and the sub­stance almost always does as well.” 

Learn More: 

Fact Sheet: Pres­i­dent Don­ald J. Trump Declares Nation­al Emer­gency to Increase our Com­pet­i­tive Edge, Pro­tect our Sov­er­eign­ty, and Strength­en our Nation­al and Eco­nom­ic Secu­ri­ty – The White House

Fact Sheet: Pres­i­dent Don­ald J. Trump Declares a Crime Emer­gency to Restore Safe­ty in the Dis­trict of Colum­bia – The White House

Flag Burn­ing: Pros­e­cut­ing Burn­ing of The Amer­i­can Flag – The White House 

Orders on arti­fi­cial intel­li­gence:

1. Exec­u­tive Order 14277—Advancing Arti­fi­cial Intel­li­gence Edu­ca­tion for Amer­i­can Youth | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

2. Exec­u­tive Order 14320—Promoting the Export of the Amer­i­can AI Tech­nol­o­gy Stack | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

3. Exec­u­tive Order 14319—Preventing Woke AI in the Fed­er­al Gov­ern­ment | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

4. Exec­u­tive Order 14179—Removing Bar­ri­ers to Amer­i­can Lead­er­ship in Arti­fi­cial Intel­li­gence | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

5. Exec­u­tive Order 14355—Unlocking Cures for Pedi­atric Can­cer with Arti­fi­cial Intel­li­gence | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

Orders relat­ed to DEI:

1. Exec­u­tive Order 14303—Restoring Gold Stan­dard Sci­ence | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

2. Exec­u­tive Order 14281—Restoring Equal­i­ty of Oppor­tu­ni­ty and Mer­i­toc­ra­cy | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

3. Exec­u­tive Order 14280—Reinstating Com­mon Sense School Dis­ci­pline Poli­cies | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

4. Exec­u­tive Order 14319—Preventing Woke AI in the Fed­er­al Gov­ern­ment | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

5. Exec­u­tive Order 14280—Reinstating Com­mon Sense School Dis­ci­pline Poli­cies | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

6. Exec­u­tive Order 14279—Reforming Accred­i­ta­tion To Strength­en High­er Edu­ca­tion | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

7. Exec­u­tive Order 14151—Ending Rad­i­cal and Waste­ful Gov­ern­ment DEI Pro­grams and Pref­er­enc­ing | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

8. Exec­u­tive Order 14173—Ending Ille­gal Dis­crim­i­na­tion and Restor­ing Mer­it-Based Oppor­tu­ni­ty | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

9. Exec­u­tive Order 14185—Restoring Amer­i­ca’s Fight­ing Force | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

10. Exec­u­tive Order 14190—Ending Rad­i­cal Indoc­tri­na­tion in K‑12 School­ing | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

11. Exec­u­tive Order 14242—Improving Edu­ca­tion Out­comes by Empow­er­ing Par­ents, States, and Com­mu­ni­ties | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

12. Exec­u­tive Order 14253—Restoring Truth and San­i­ty to Amer­i­can His­to­ry | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

13. Exec­u­tive Order 14288—Strengthening and Unleash­ing Amer­i­ca’s Law Enforce­ment To Pur­sue Crim­i­nals and Pro­tect Inno­cent Cit­i­zens | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

14. Exec­u­tive Order 14263—Addressing Risks From Sus­man God­frey | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

15. Exec­u­tive Order 14250—Addressing Risks From Wilmer­Hale | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

16. Exec­u­tive Order 14246—Addressing Risks From Jen­ner & Block | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

17. Exec­u­tive Order 14332—Improving Over­sight of Fed­er­al Grant­mak­ing | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

18. Exec­u­tive Order 14170—Reforming the Fed­er­al Hir­ing Process and Restor­ing Mer­it to Gov­ern­ment Ser­vice | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

19. Exec­u­tive Order 14230—Addressing Risks From Perkins Coie LLP | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

20. Exec­u­tive Order 14237—Addressing Risks From Paul Weiss | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

21. Exec­u­tive Order 14246—Addressing Risks From Jen­ner & Block | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

Orders relat­ed to trans­gen­der peo­ple:

1. Exec­u­tive Order 14168—Defending Women From Gen­der Ide­ol­o­gy Extrem­ism and Restor­ing Bio­log­i­cal Truth to the Fed­er­al Gov­ern­ment | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

2. Exec­u­tive Order 14170—Reforming the Fed­er­al Hir­ing Process and Restor­ing Mer­it to Gov­ern­ment Ser­vice | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

3. Exec­u­tive Order 14185—Restoring Amer­i­ca’s Fight­ing Force | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

4. Exec­u­tive Order 14187—Protecting Chil­dren From Chem­i­cal and Sur­gi­cal Muti­la­tion | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

5. Exec­u­tive Order 14183—Prioritizing Mil­i­tary Excel­lence and Readi­ness | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

6. Exec­u­tive Order 14190—Ending Rad­i­cal Indoc­tri­na­tion in K‑12 School­ing | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

7. Exec­u­tive Order 14201—Keeping Men Out of Wom­en’s Sports | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

8. Exec­u­tive Order 14202—Eradicating Anti-Chris­t­ian Bias | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

9. Exec­u­tive Order 14236—Additional Rescis­sions of Harm­ful Exec­u­tive Orders and Actions | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

10. Exec­u­tive Order 14242—Improving Edu­ca­tion Out­comes by Empow­er­ing Par­ents, States, and Com­mu­ni­ties | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

11. Exec­u­tive Order 14319—Preventing Woke AI in the Fed­er­al Gov­ern­ment | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

12. Exec­u­tive Order 14246—Addressing Risks From Jen­ner & Block | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

Orders invok­ing emer­gency pow­ers: 

1. Exec­u­tive Order 14333—Declaring a Crime Emer­gency in the Dis­trict of Colum­bia | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

2. Exec­u­tive Order 14362—Designation of Cer­tain Mus­lim Broth­er­hood Chap­ters as For­eign Ter­ror­ist Orga­ni­za­tions and Spe­cial­ly Des­ig­nat­ed Glob­al Ter­ror­ists | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

3. Exec­u­tive Order 14361—Modifying the Scope of Tar­iffs on the Gov­ern­ment of Brazil | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

4. Exec­u­tive Order 14360—Modifying the Scope of the Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff with Respect to Cer­tain Agri­cul­tur­al Prod­ucts | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

5. Exec­u­tive Order 14357—Modifying Duties Address­ing the Syn­thet­ic Opi­oid Sup­ply Chain in the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

6. Exec­u­tive Order 14358—Modifying Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff Rates Con­sis­tent with the Eco­nom­ic and Trade Arrange­ment Between the Unit­ed States and the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

7. Exec­u­tive Order 14346—Modifying the Scope of Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iffs and Estab­lish­ing Pro­ce­dures for Imple­ment­ing Trade and Secu­ri­ty Agree­ments | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

8. Exec­u­tive Order 14348—Strengthening Efforts To Pro­tect U.S. Nation­als From Wrong­ful Deten­tion Abroad | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

9. Exec­u­tive Order 14345—Implementing the Unit­ed States–Japan Agree­ment | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

10. Exec­u­tive Order 14340—Measures To End Cash­less Bail and Enforce the Law in the Dis­trict of Colum­bia | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

11. Exec­u­tive Order 14334—Further Mod­i­fy­ing Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff Rates To Reflect Ongo­ing Dis­cus­sions With the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

12. Exec­u­tive Order 14329—Addressing Threats to the Unit­ed States by the Gov­ern­ment of the Russ­ian Fed­er­a­tion | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

13. Exec­u­tive Order 14325—Amendment to Duties To Address the Flow of Illic­it Drugs Across Our North­ern Bor­der | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

14. Exec­u­tive Order 14326—Further Mod­i­fy­ing the Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff Rates | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

15. Exec­u­tive Order 14324—Suspending Duty-Free De Min­imis Treat­ment for All Coun­tries | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

16. Exec­u­tive Order 14323—Addressing Threats to the Unit­ed States by the Gov­ern­ment of Brazil | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

17. Exec­u­tive Order 14316—Extending the Mod­i­fi­ca­tion of the Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff Rates | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

18. Exec­u­tive Order 14312—Providing for the Revo­ca­tion of Syr­ia Sanc­tions | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

19. Exec­u­tive Order 14309—Implementing the Gen­er­al Terms of the Unit­ed States of America–United King­dom Eco­nom­ic Pros­per­i­ty Deal | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

20. Exec­u­tive Order 14306—Sustaining Select Efforts To Strength­en the Nation’s Cyber­se­cu­ri­ty and Amend­ing Exec­u­tive Order 13694 and Exec­u­tive Order 14144 | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

21. Exec­u­tive Order 14298—Modifying Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff Rates To Reflect Dis­cus­sions With the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

22. Exec­u­tive Order 14289—Addressing Cer­tain Tar­iffs on Import­ed Arti­cles | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

23. Exec­u­tive Order 14272—Ensuring Nation­al Secu­ri­ty and Eco­nom­ic Resilience Through Sec­tion 232 Actions on Processed Crit­i­cal Min­er­als and Deriv­a­tive Prod­ucts | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

24. Exec­u­tive Order 14266—Modifying Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff Rates To Reflect Trad­ing Part­ner Retal­i­a­tion and Align­ment | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

25. Exec­u­tive Order 14259—Amendment to Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iffs and Updat­ed Duties as Applied to Low-Val­ue Imports From the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

26. Exec­u­tive Order 14256—Further Amend­ment to Duties Address­ing the Syn­thet­ic Opi­oid Sup­ply Chain in the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na as Applied to Low-Val­ue Imports | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

27. Exec­u­tive Order 14257—Regulating Imports With a Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff To Rec­ti­fy Trade Prac­tices That Con­tribute to Large and Per­sis­tent Annu­al Unit­ed States Goods Trade Deficits | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

28. Exec­u­tive Order 14245—Imposing Tar­iffs on Coun­tries Import­ing Venezue­lan Oil | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

29. Exec­u­tive Order 14203—Imposing Sanc­tions on the Inter­na­tion­al Crim­i­nal Court | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

30. Exec­u­tive Order 14194—Imposing Duties To Address the Sit­u­a­tion at Our South­ern Bor­der | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

31. Exec­u­tive Order 14195—Imposing Duties To Address the Syn­thet­ic Opi­oid Sup­ply Chain in the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

32. Exec­u­tive Order 14193—Imposing Duties To Address the Flow of Illic­it Drugs Across Our North­ern Bor­der | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

33. Exec­u­tive Order 14156—Declaring a Nation­al Ener­gy Emer­gency | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

34. Exec­u­tive Order 14157—Designating Car­tels and Oth­er Orga­ni­za­tions as For­eign Ter­ror­ist Orga­ni­za­tions and Spe­cial­ly Des­ig­nat­ed Glob­al Ter­ror­ists | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

Orders that declared/expanded nation­al emer­gency:

1. Exec­u­tive Order 14157—Designating Car­tels and Oth­er Orga­ni­za­tions as For­eign Ter­ror­ist Orga­ni­za­tions and Spe­cial­ly Des­ig­nat­ed Glob­al Ter­ror­ists | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

2. Exec­u­tive Order 14156—Declaring a Nation­al Ener­gy Emer­gency | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

3. Expands:Exec­u­tive Order 14156—Declaring a Nation­al Ener­gy Emer­gency | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

4. Expands:Exec­u­tive Order 14195—Imposing Duties To Address the Syn­thet­ic Opi­oid Sup­ply Chain in the Peo­ple’s Repub­lic of Chi­na | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

5. Expands:Exec­u­tive Order 14194—Imposing Duties To Address the Sit­u­a­tion at Our South­ern Bor­der | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

6. Exec­u­tive Order 14203—Imposing Sanc­tions on the Inter­na­tion­al Crim­i­nal Court | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

7. Exec­u­tive Order 14257—Regulating Imports With a Rec­i­p­ro­cal Tar­iff To Rec­ti­fy Trade Prac­tices That Con­tribute to Large and Per­sis­tent Annu­al Unit­ed States Goods Trade Deficits | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

8. Exec­u­tive Order 14323—Addressing Threats to the Unit­ed States by the Gov­ern­ment of Brazil | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

Immi­gra­tion 

1. Exec­u­tive Order 14351—The Gold Card | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

2. Exec­u­tive Order 14287—Protecting Amer­i­can Com­mu­ni­ties From Crim­i­nal Aliens | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

3. Exec­u­tive Order 14246—Addressing Risks From Jen­ner & Block | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

4. Exec­u­tive Order 14159—Protecting the Amer­i­can Peo­ple Against Inva­sion | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

5. Exec­u­tive Order 14161—Protecting the Unit­ed States From For­eign Ter­ror­ists and Oth­er Nation­al Secu­ri­ty and Pub­lic Safe­ty Threats | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

6. Exec­u­tive Order 14164—Restoring the Death Penal­ty and Pro­tect­ing Pub­lic Safe­ty | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project  

7. Exec­u­tive Order 14188—Additional Mea­sures To Com­bat Anti-Semi­tism | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

8. Exec­u­tive Order 14203—Imposing Sanc­tions on the Inter­na­tion­al Crim­i­nal Court | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

9. Exec­u­tive Order 14218—Ending Tax­pay­er Sub­si­diza­tion of Open Bor­ders | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

10. Exec­u­tive Order 14165—Securing Our Bor­ders | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

11. Exec­u­tive Order 14192—Unleashing Pros­per­i­ty Through Dereg­u­la­tion | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project  

12. Exec­u­tive Order 14229—Honoring Joce­lyn Nun­garay | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project  

13. Exec­u­tive Order 14235—Restoring Pub­lic Ser­vice Loan For­give­ness | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

14. Exec­u­tive Order 14245—Imposing Tar­iffs on Coun­tries Import­ing Venezue­lan Oil | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

15. Exec­u­tive Order 14248—Preserving and Pro­tect­ing the Integri­ty of Amer­i­can Elec­tions | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

16. Exec­u­tive Order 14252—Making the Dis­trict of Colum­bia Safe and Beau­ti­ful | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

17. Exec­u­tive Order 14332—Improving Over­sight of Fed­er­al Grant­mak­ing | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

18. Exec­u­tive Order 14341—Prosecuting Burn­ing of the Amer­i­can Flag | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

Renam­ing of nation­al wildlife refuge: 

• Exec­u­tive Order 14229—Honoring Joce­lyn Nun­garay | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

Exec­u­tive orders tar­get­ing law firms/lawyers: 

• Exec­u­tive Order 14237—Addressing Risks From Paul Weiss | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

• Exec­u­tive Order 14263—Addressing Risks From Sus­man God­frey | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

• Exec­u­tive Order 14230—Addressing Risks From Perkins Coie LLP | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project 

• Exec­u­tive Order 14250—Addressing Risks From Wilmer­Hale | The Amer­i­can Pres­i­den­cy Project